Development

While other stakeholders also need clarification of the FDA policies, it is the developers who will make it possible to bring lower-cost biosimilars to make a real difference. In this paper, I am providing comments on the proposed action plans of the FDA and pointing out what I believe to be the missing elements.

In recent years, spending on specialty drugs, including spending on a proliferation of orphan drugs that treat rare diseases, has raised concerns about sustainability of the healthcare system.

Among the hottest topics in biosimilar development is the future of clinical trials, and that fact was evident during the opening session of the fifth DIA Biosimilars Conference, held October 22 to 23 in London, United Kingdom. During the presentation, a review of the biosimilar regulatory framework, 4 experts explained the ways in which the landscape for clinical trials is evolving for biosimilars.

Fresenius Kabi announced today that its MSB11455, a proposed pegfilgrastim biosimilar referencing Neulasta, met its primary endpoints in 2 clinical studies that are intended to facilitate regulatory applications for the product in the United States and the European Union.

Recent weeks have seen heightened debate over the need for phase 3 confirmatory trials for biosimilars, with some stakeholders calling these trials unnecessary and others going so far as to call them unethical. During the SMi 9th annual conference on Biosimilars and Biobetters, held September 26-27 in London, United Kingdom, Uwe Gudat, MD, who serves as head of clinical safety and pharmacovigilance at Fresenius Kabi, weighed in. “The subject I raise is rather provocative,” he acknowledged.

Brazil benefits from a program, known as the Partnership for Productive Development, that brings together government and the private sector to develop strategic products of interest to the Brazilian health system—including biosimilars of high-cost biologics that account for approximately half of annual drug spending.

Cetuximab (Erbitux), an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of head and neck and colorectal cancer, so far faces no biosimilar challengers. However, Chinese researchers are reporting positive preclinical results for a proposed biosimilar, APZ001.

Sandoz, with its filgrastim biosimilar (Zarxio) having been the first biosimilar to gain FDA approval and to launch in the US market, has had extensive experience in the biosimilars space. Carlos Sattler, MD, head of clinical development and medical affairs at Sandoz, recently spoke with The Center for Biosimilars® about both the biosimilar development process and the regulatory landscape that lies ahead.

“It is now time to reassess whether the current clinical development paradigm really makes sense from a scientific and economic perspective while millions of patients still have limited or, more often, no access to life-changing/life-saving [monoclonal antibodies],” writes Francois-Xavier Frapaise, MD, PhD.

The researchers hypothesized that currently used doses of rituximab, of 375 mg/m2 or greater, significantly exceed the half-maximal effective dose of rituximab, at which differences between a biosimilar and the reference would be most likely to be found.

The American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS), a professional organization of 9000 scientists, has published a new white paper in The AAPS Journal that discusses the scientific and methodological considerations of the process of attribute and test method selection, criticality assessment, and assignment of analytical measures to the FDA’s 3 tiers of analytical similarity assessment for biosimilars.

Yesterday, President Trump released his budget proposal for the 2019 fiscal year. On the same day, the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America released a paper summarizing the NIH’s contribution of funding to new drugs approved from 2010 to 2016.

Robert Cerwinski, JD, partner at Goodwin, discusses the challenges that reference product sponsors encounter when they also seek to develop biosimilars.

SPCs are an intellectual property right that grants an extension of up to 5 years on a 20-year patent term for an innovative pharmaceutical. The goal of the SPC is to offset the loss of patent protection that occurs during the development and clinical trials of a generic or biosimilar.

A recent paper, published in BioDrugs, argues that, in biosimilar development, bridging studies between locally licensed and internationally licensed reference biologics may be unnecessary.

The development of biosimilars is focused on the minimization of potential differences between the proposed biosimilar and reference product, as well as the establishment of a robust manufacturing process to consistently produce a high-quality biosimilar.